Lithuania, 1993

Lithuania is the southernmost of the Baltic republics and has an area slightly larger than neighboring Latvia; it was the first to gain independence from the Soviet Union in 1990. The national telephone company, Lietuvos…

Latvia, 1995

Latvia, one of the Baltic republics, with two million inhabitants, regained independence in 1991 after the fall of the USSR, and has been part of the European Union since 2004. The first cards used in…

Abkhazia, 2006

Abkhazia is a Caucasian territory located in the northwestern corner of Georgia, with the Black Sea in the south-west and the mountains in the Caucasus and Russia in the north-east. Claimed by Georgia, it proclaimed…

Guernsey, 1994

Guernsey is an island located in the English Channel, facing the northwest coast of France, administratively dependent on the British Crown. Guernsey Telecoms began issuing chip cards in 1994, with a series of three values…

Jersey, 1988

Jersey is the largest island in the English Channel, between the United Kingdom and France. It is a self-regulating dependency of the United Kingdom, with its own government and laws, which fuses English and French…

Isle of Man, 1987

The Isle of Man is a self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland. The first cards, one 10 units with a 14,500 run and one 20 units with a…

Great Britain, 1981

The first cards issued by British Telecom date back to 1981 and the system adopted was the optical card system of Landis & Gyr. The cards were initially produced in Switzerland, but from March 1983…

Faroe Islands, 1993

The Faroe Islands are a subarctic archipelago of 18 islands, located off the northern coast of Europe, between the Norwegian Sea and the north of the Atlantic Ocean, halfway between Iceland and Norway. The islands…

Germany, 1983

Deutche Bundespost ran parallel field trials of four different systems before definitively adopting chip cards. The first trials began in June 1983 with the optical cards of Landis & Gyr. 30 telephones were installed in…

Åland Islands, 1990

The Åland Islands is an archipelago province at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea belonging to Finland. It is autonomous, demilitarised and is the only monolingually Swedish-speaking region in Finland.…